Invidual Assignment

1.      COMPETITION

Mumbai City Museum- North Wing design Competition

§     The aim of this competition was to call for multi-disciplinary, contemporary and landscape design teams, for the design of the new wing of the Mumbai City Museum. The teams were supposed to be governed by a lead consultant, by whose name the submissions would be identified.

§     The teams should:

a.                  Appropriate in size and skills

b.                 Have strong sense of originality, contemporary and conceptual design

c.                  Have creative approach with modernisation and sustainability

d.                 Understand and reflect in the design- the creativity of museums

e.                  Expertise within the parameters- design, quality, budget, programme and site constraints.

The selected team was supposed to follow the standards of International and Indian Council of Architecture. Some aspects of the building like galleries, archive storage, conservation laboratories etc. were expected to reach international standards.

§     The present museum wing is surrounded by the greens of botanical garden and zoological park. There are old textile mills close to it which are getting replaced by residential and business developments. Since there are no cultural centres in the locality, the museum can efficiently serve the purpose of neighbour extracurricular activities.

§     The new wing of the Museum was expected to attract both national and international visitors by facilitating diverse activities and events, which were next to impossible to conduct in the old wing. The design needed variety of facilities like- interpretation centre, new galleries, café, library, archive, and a new museum shop.

§     The brief mentioned the following design goals to be incorporated in the design:

a.                   Using the landscape as a platform to enhance the activities of the museum.

b.                  Contemporary, original and sustainable design.

c.                   Reflection of craft tradition in the design

d.                  Encouragement of cross-cultural understanding and cultural awareness.

e.                   Appreciation of Mumbai’s cultural and economic history and evolution.

f.                    Encouragement of community participation.

g.                   Must have modern conservation and documentation facilities-as the technical spaces of the old museum are inadequate due design constraints of the building.

h.                  Providing all year spaces so that education program could be undertaken throughout the year.

§     The budget of the project was already finalized before the call for design to some extent. The rest got finalized depending upon the brief in the second stage. Civic authorities were completely responsible for the infrastructure and urban design component costs.

§     The competition was two stage selection processes, in which the selected 5-7 teams were supposed to get to the second stage from where the winner was selected. The selection in stage 1 was based on a document called “Expression of Interest”, in which the competitor team had to show the panel why they should be shortlisted. After completing this stage the selected teams were given a detailed brief for design in stage 2.

The stages of the competition are the following:

STAGE 1:

a.                   Competition launched

b.                  Deadline for questions

c.                   Submission of EOIs

STAGE 2:

a.                   Shortlist and issue of competition brief

b.                  Final submissions by shortlisted teams

c.                   Assessment including interviews

d.                  Winner announced

e.                   Site Preparation

The purpose of EOI was to provide an opportunity to the competitor teams to talk about themselves. They had to firstly describe their team- who is going to be work on the project and why. Secondly, they had to present their approach to the project with a small press statement. The EOI was advised to be highly visual and concise.

SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS:

1.                  Understanding the requirements and similar Experience- The panel needed a team who has overcome similar challenges as those presented in this project. The selection panel was thus looking for a team- a. who could successfully convince that they have understood the project, its requirements and challenges, and b. who could demonstrate their previous projects with similar challenges and what they learned from it. The teams were also asked to identify the following about their similar projects:

2.                  Client name, email address and contact number

3.                   Date of project completion

4.                  Previous experience of working as a team, where possible with the team members proposed in this EOI

5.                  Anticipated and final budget

6.                  Anticipated and final duration of the project

7.                  Aspects of the design or design approach that are relevant or showcase equivalent challenges to the Dr. BDL Museum design project

8.                  Team Composition- document specifying who is going to work on the project and why, their experience and details.

9.                  Pre-Qualification Questionnaire- This consisted of questions to gather general information and details about the firm and the lead consultant- from the basic information to the details of past projects.

10.              Press- Each team needed to provide a 150-word snapshot of the practice which could be used for press in the event of the team being shortlisted. This statement should include the lead consultant’s website. In addition, three high-resolution images of representative projects also needed to be provided for the same reason.

PROJET STATUS: The construction (125,000 sq ft. project) is expected to begin in 2016.

(Above work was done before receiving the pdf from Amritha Ballal ma’am)

ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIONS

The assessment is on three calls for entries namely, North Wing design for Mumbai City Museum, the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre at Tel Aviv University (Israel) and Rome Concrete Poetry Hall Competition (Rome). The competitions have been assessed based on the selection criteria and processes. These three projects are completely different from each other in terms of scale, context and requirements. Design brief is the list of requirements which has to be present in the design and becomes one the basis of evaluation.

Talking about the design brief, each project demands different set of deliverables, in various different formats. Every brief contains a set of keywords which must be identified well on time in order to work as demanded. In the design of the North wing for Mumbai City Museum, the keywords are- contemporary and conceptual design, modernization, sustainability and originality. These are the aspects which were to be examined in the design. Thus the selection process was based on these, in other words the firms who have dome similar projects will be eligible and the designs with these factors incorporated within, will be shortlisted. Competitions take place either in one stage or in multi stages. In this case, it was a 2 stage process. In the first case the entries were to be selected based on EOI, a document where the interested firms can state with their previous projects, learnings and why they must be shortlisted. This way of selection is more logical and sensitive as the time spent by the entries (who got rejected) in preparing EOI, is not a lot and could be compensated. One more advantage is for the selection panel that they don’t have to go through hundreds of design to select one because they have 7-8 shortlisted designs to select the winner from.

For the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, the requirement was a building project to showcase the creativity and innovation, being sustainable in both concept and construction. The keywords here are – “creating a unique building representing the synthesis of creativity” and practicality. The brief required a building which is contextual to other buildings of the campus, yet is the focus of the university, which again became the key aspect for evaluation. The selection criteria- it was a 3-stage open competition but the requirements were different. Stage 1 was the selection of 21 participants based on pre-selection qualification. The purpose of the pre selection is to filter out the inexperienced firms. At stage 2, the 21 participants were asked to submit a broad conceptual dialogue. 6 applicants were chosen at the end of stage 2 and were required to further develop their concepts into design in stage 3. After the third stage the jury selected 3 finalists and a winner from them.  Thus this process of selection was long and difficult, as the submission was only conceptual. These conceptual competitions take way more time to evaluate. As compared to design competitions where plans and sections are the main focus and concept plays the background.

The aim of the Rome Concrete Poetry Hall Competition is to create innovative concrete made designs for a multi-purpose building including a café and conference room. The site provided is a square piazza encircled by tram lines, also passing right through the site. It is an ongoing competition and the jury panel will be setting the criteria for the selection at time of evaluation itself. The keywords in this project are- highly conceptual, out of the box, creative and respecting the historical context. These are the aspects on which the participants will be judged.  This is also a 3 phase evaluation competition, though the exact criteria for selection has not been released and is completely up to the jury. At stage 1, the jury will choose 40 entries from all the submissions, at stage 2, 9 will be shortlisted and at stage 3, 3 will be the top finalist and remaining will be the runner-up. This competition is difficult as the judges have not yet uncovered the basis of evaluation, except the design on which they’ll be shortlisted or rejected at each stage. In all these competitions the winning design gets constructed at any point of time which is a little bit unfair to the others as they also contributed their time and effort.

2.      NOTICE INVITING TENDER

Request for proposal for Architectural Design Competition of Shri Guru Ravidass Memorial Complex at Khuralgarh Sahib Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India.

The following tender is broadly in two parts- competition and award of the contract.

COMPETITION:

Purpose of the current Architectural Design Competition- To select Architectural consulting firm for design of Shri Guru Ravidass Memorial Complex on the basis of single stage open architectural design competition,

Design Brief:

1.                  A prominent feature in a form of a memorial structure to symbolize the life of Shri Guru Ravidass ji.

2.                  An indoor large hall to accommodate around 1000 people at a time with extended outdoor space for accommodating more people in special occasions.

3.                  A residential complex for visiting devotees. (Twin Bedded Rooms = 50 Four Bedded Rooms = 50 Dormitories (Male & Female) = 200 Persons)

4.                  An existing community to be integrated in the design proposal.

5.                  A museum, equipped with latest technology to showcase the history and teachings. This facility should also include information and interpretation Centre and a research library. (2500 Sq. Mts.)

6.                  An auditorium of 500 people capacity with a small section developed as 5D theatre with 50 people capacity.

7.                  A food court for providing refreshments and dining facilities. (15 stalls with adequate seating capacity).

8.                  Parking in the complex. (400 ECS and 20 Buses)

Budget:  INR 50 Crores

Environmental and Symbolic Requirements:

 - Space should be attractive, safe and comfortable to spend time and move through.

- Site responsive and eco sustainable design.

- Efficient landscape to create a comfortable micro climate and provide sufficient seating areas.

- Accessible and barrier free environment.

- The number 151, which represents the years that Guru Ravidass ji spent on this earth, should be iconically    expressed in the design of the memorial.

Location and Site:

-                      The site is located in Punjab, which is connected to other major cities such as Anandpur Sahib, Chandigarh, Ludhiana and Jalandhar by an extensive network of roads.

-                      The 49099.468 sq. m. site has been earmarked for the proposed project.

Competition type:

-                      The Applicants were required to submit their detailed technical and financial proposals to qualify for undertaking the Project in form of RFP as mentioned below in details.

-                      The entire applicants were eligible to submit only one proposal.

-                      The Applicants had to submit a Technical Proposal and a Financial Proposal, for the purpose of assignment and the basis for contract negotiations and ultimately a contract was to be signed with the Department.

-                      To obtain first-hand information on the assignment and local conditions, Applicants were encouraged to visit the Project location before submitting a proposal.

Awards:

-                      First Prize: Rs. 2, 00,000/-

-                      Second Prize: Rs. 1, 00,000/-

-                      Third Prize: Rs. 50,000/-

Qualifying Requirements and Eligibility Criteria:

-                      The architect or the lead consultant of the firm must be registered with the Council of Architecture under the Architects Act, 1972.

-                      The selected Architect/Architectural firms must provide with architectural concept/design services for a project of the magnitude envisaged.

-                      The Applicant required having a minimum experience of 10 years preceding 31st December 2014, completed either one of the following:

a.                   One Iconic Building Project of a minimum 3,00,000 (Three Hundred Thousand) sq ft. built up area.

b.                  One Building of Public Assembly of a minimum of 1,50,000 (One Hundred Fifty Thousand) sq ft. built up area.

c.                   A Heritage Building / Museum / Monument / Memorial building project of a minimum 50,000 (Fifty Thousand) sq ft. built up area.

d.                  A Building Project with a Project Cost of not less than INR 50,00,00,000 (Rupees Fifty Crores)

e.                   Two Building Projects with Project Cost of not less than INR 30,00,00,000 (Rupees Thirty Crores) each

f.                     Three Building Projects with Project Cost of not less than INR 20,00,00,000 (Rupees Twenty Crores) each.

-                      The Applicant required having minimum Average Annual Turnover of Rs 50,00,000 (Rupees Fifty Lakh) for the three Financial Years according to their Audited Balance Sheets.

Terms for Disqualification:  The competitors were subject to be disqualification if they had:

-                      Made false representation in the forms, statements or the proof of the qualification requirements.

-                      Records of poor performance such as abandoning the work, not properly completing the contract, inordinate delays in completion failures etc.

-                      Their business banned by any Central/State Government Department/ Public Undertakings or Enterprises of Central/State Government.

-                      Not submitted all the supporting documents or not furnished the relevant details as per the prescribed format

Submittals for RFP:

-                      The applicants were expected to submit one original and copy of the technical proposal in “Envelop-A”, duly marked as: “Original” and “Copy”. The contents of the Envelope-A follows:

a.                   Design Proposal: Consists of the following:

§     Project vision/Concept: illustrated with explanatory drawings/diagrams and a Statement of Design Philosophy/ A Design Rationale Narrative (of no more than 1000 words) as part of the submission.

§     Site Plan and schematic sections ( Scale-1:500),

§     Plans, Elevations and Sections of proposed buildings/blocks( Scale- 1:100)

§     3D views and Walk through

§     Physical model of the proposal (Scale 1:500)

§     Digital presentation (soft copy) of the above mentioned requirements

b.                  Annexure 2: Applicant’s Organization

c.                   Experience III. Annexure 3: Details Of Similar Projects Successfully Completed In The Last Ten Years

d.                   Annexure 4: Curriculum Vitae (C.V.) For Key Professionals

e.                   Annexure 5: Power Of Attorney For Lead Member Of Consortium

f.                    Annexure 6: Power Of Attorney For Authorized Signatory

g.        Annexure 7: Comments And Suggestions On The Terms Of Reference

-                      Envelope-B: The sealed envelope containing the financial proposal shall be labelled as Envelope-B, which contains the following:

a.                   Annexure 8: Financial Proposal Submission Form

-                      Envelope-C: The envelope C containing envelope “A‟ and envelope “B‟ along with Annexure 1(Application Letter). It contains the following:

a.                   Annexure 1(Application Letter)

b.                  Envelope-A

c.                   Envelope-B

Evaluation Process:

-                      80% weightage for Technical Proposal & 20% weightage for Financial Proposal.

-                      At the first stage, the Technical Proposal will be evaluated on the basis of design proposal submitted by the Applicant and Applicant’s experience and the experience of Key Personnel. Only those Applicants whose Technical Proposals get a score of 60 marks or more out of 100 shall qualify for further consideration. (Design Proposal=50 marks, Qualification of Organization= 25 marks and Experience= 25 marks)

AWARD OF CONTRACT:

After completing the negotiations, the Department shall award the Contract to the selected Applicant, but if the selected Applicant fails to execute a contract with the Client within 14 business days, the Client may elect to cancel the selection and award to the next highest ranking Applicant.

Scope of Work:

The selected architectural firm is required to deliver the following aspects:

-                      Architectural concept and architectural design, with interior furnishing and the other related works

-                      Detailed project, Detailed Noticed Inviting Tender and Bills of quantities (BOQs)

-                      Item wise detailed estimates based on the schedule of rates.

-                      Ensure quality control of work during execution with regular site supervision of complete civil works.

Schedule of Payment: A chart of payment is made in which the fees are divided in percentage, based on the amount of work done in steps. Some percentage of the total payment is made on finishing each step, from drawings to the construction at site.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TENDER

Tender is an official document which is prepared to invite architects, firms, contractors etc. for several purposes like- conducting a competition, constructing a building etc. the first being assessed is the tender for conducting a competition for a memorial complex at Punjab. So the there are two parts to the tender- the competition (shortlisting entries) and the award of the contract to the winner. The eligibility and the selection are both important and are individually mentioned. This is a detailed tender and the submission requirements are segregated in forms of envelopes. The envelopes are supposed to carry the design and financial proposal by the client, which are two requirements. Thus the selection is also based on these. The jury will mark each entry on the basis of these two aspects (Design- 80% weightage and financial proposal- 20% weightage). The participant with highest marks wins the tender and is provided with the detailed brief, scope of work and contract.  In this tender the eligibility criteria is more complex than the selection criteria which is single stage process. The purpose of the eligibility criteria is to filter out the firms who aren’t experienced enough for this kind of design, thus saving their time and efforts. The pre eligibility criteria to filter the number of participants are based on experience in similar projects.

The second tender is for selecting EOI and for selecting architects for construction of buildings and one national level swimming pool Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar. The EOI or the Expression of Interest is a very critical document for pre-qualification and it’s a chance to the participants to show case their similar project. As this is a much large scale project the selection process is very absorbing. At the initial stage an envelope named as “technical bid” needs to be submitted from the interested firms, which carries the tender amount, the earnest amount and the EOI. Only the shortlisted firms at the end of this stage will be asked to submit financial bids. The eligibility criterion is similar to the above tender which is basically experience in a similar field and proper registration with COA. Coming to the various stages of the selection- after the initial stage which is to shortlist firms on the basis of EOI and other documents at stage 2 the shortlisted firms will make a presentation demonstrating their past designs and green features of a national level swimming pool. At this stage some firms will be rejected and some will go to stage 3. At stage 3 the firms will submit the detailed designs of the buildings and the pools, which will be marked and the firm with highest mark will get the contract. Thus as mentioned above the selection process totally depends on the brief and the scale of the project. The larger the scale the complex is the process.  Although what is common in all these selection process is- the division of work submitted at each step, on the basis of which the entries are shortlisted to save both time and effort. Also in these processes the tedious job of selecting the winner from so many entries become easier as only the interested and experienced firms gets to participate.   

The third tender is to invite EOIs for design of a campus in Pune based on GRIHA Green Building features. Just like the above tender’s procedures this one also requires EOI of the eligible firms to shortlist the ones who’ll submit the detailed design. From these designs one winner will be selected. Thus the selection stages are quite simple. The criteria for selection here is solely design and the GRIHA green features, on which the entries will be judged. The tender also specifies the requirements and the format of the submissions. A tender is a very technical and detailed document and there various kinds of tenders for different requirements.

Thus in all the above tenders, there are two important factors- the EOI (which contains details about the firm, experience and previous designs) and the design on which the entries are selected and judged.  If there are a special kind of requirement in the design brief than the participants must boldly incorporate it into the design.

3.      Council of Architecture (COA) GUIDELINES

Professional Practice

Like other countries, India also has a code of conduct for practising architects. Indian architects are required to register with the Council of Architecture which is a government body, to be able to carry out the practice on their own. After registration each architect gets a registration code which is their identity. Practicing architecture without registration with COA is illegal as per the codes of conduct.

-                      According to the COA guidelines for professional practice the architect must act as a professional advisor to the client and should conduct himself as per the standards of the COA.

-                      The architectural profession is governed by the Architects Regulations of 1989 (amended in 2003), which deals with professional Ethics and Etiquette, Conditions of Engagement and Scale of Charges, Architectural Competition, Fees structure etc.

-                      An Architect must follow the guidelines in his professional practice, any violation would be considered as Professional Misconduct, which will attract disciplinary action.

-                      He should inform the client about the COA- Condition of engagement and scale of charges before taking up any projects.

-                      When entering into agreements with consultants, the architect should clearly define their scope of work, responsibilities, functions, fees and mode of payment.

-                      The architect should not sub-commission another architect to the work for which he has been commissioned without the prior agreement of his client.

-                      The architect should comply with the COA guidelines before entering any architectural competitions.

-                      He should visit the site at regular intervals to make a check on the construction work. Meanwhile, a Project Manager must be appointed by the architect, paid by the client who should be at site at all times to ensure everything is going as per plan.

-                      The architect should inform the client well on time in case of any postponements of required drawings.

-                      The architect must not use the drawings of one project in another in any case.

-                      The respected drawing, models etc. would be the property of the architect.

These are some of the codes and in case of breach of any of the codes, it would be considered as professional misconduct and one is held liable by law.

Union of International Architects (UIA) INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Professional Practice

The purpose of the UIA standards is to provide a code of conduct for those architects who are practicing in a country in which they are not registered in. in this case the architect is required to collaborate with a local architect to ensure that proper and effective understanding is given to legal, environmental, social, cultural, and heritage factors.

-                      Fundamental Requirements of an Architect-

1.                 Ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements, and which aim to be environmentally sustainable

2.                 Adequate knowledge of urban design, planning, and the skills involved in the planning process.

3.                 Understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of architects in society, in particular in preparing briefs that account for social factors;

4.                 Understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project.

5.                 Understanding of the structural design, construction, and engineering problems associated with building design.

6.                 Awareness of the links between architecture and other creative disciplines.

7.                 Ability to develop a project brief through definition of the needs of society. Users and clients, and to research and define contextual and functional requirements for different types of built environments.

8.                 Understanding of conservation and waste management issues.

9.                 Understanding of services systems as well as systems of transportation, communication, maintenance and safety.

-                      Education- Architectural education should make sure that all graduates have knowledge and ability in architectural design, including technical and structural systems. The education should ensure the architect is sensitive enough to the issues like cultural, intellectual, historical, social, economic, and environmental context. As per the UIA standards the architectural education should be no less than 5 full years apart from practical experience or internship.

-                      Practical Experience/Internship- That graduates of architecture will be required to have completed at least 2 years of acceptable experience/training/internship prior to registration/licensing/certification to practice as an architect.

-                      Scope of Practice- That the UIA encourage and promote the continuing extension of the boundaries of architectural practice, limited only by the provisions of codes of ethics and conduct, and strive to ensure the corresponding extension of the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with any extension of boundaries.

-                      Building Project Delivery Systems- Architects should maintain high standards of professionalism and service under all forms of building project delivery systems.

Principles of UIA Standards: As per the standards, the architects have duties towards the four as follows:

1.                  General: architects must ensure that they develop their professional knowledge and skills throughout the practice and must use it for the advancement of the society. Importantly the architects shall have a right to resign from a contract for architectural services or of employment rather than being required to make an unreasonable and/or unrealistic compromise.

2.                  Towards public interest: the is to specify that it is the duty of all Architects to respect and embrace the needs of society with which they are working and to work by keeping the sustainability and conservation of resources in mind. They must respect the laws governing their professional activities. Also architects must protect the health, safety and welfare of the public and must not involve in any activity which could cause adverse effects.

3.                  Towards the client: the architects must work for the client in impartial, independent and professional way within the recommended standards

4.                  Towards the interest of the profession: All architects must work to protect the integrity, respect and dignity of the profession. They must conduct themselves in manner that respects the law and regulations of the profession. They must also appreciate the contributions made by the staff, the client, urban planners, landscape architects, other architects, interior designers, structural and technical services engineers, material suppliers, contractors and others in the project team.

INTERPRETATION OF CLAUSES- INDIAN ARCHITECTS ACT OF 1972

1.                  Clause 10: The clause 10 of the act tells us about the constituents of the Council of Architecture, Executive Committee and other committees.

As per this clause, the Council is required to make an Executive Committee, which will consist of the President, the Vice-President of the Council and 5 more members elected from the Council itself. The members of the Executive Committee will serve until the expiry of their term but being a member of the Council itself they can apply for re-election and may work as per the rules and regulations mentioned in the act. The council may also form other committees to carry out necessary functional works.

2.                  Clause 41: As per this clause of Indian Architects Act, 1972, no one can file a case or request a legal proceeding against the Central Government, the Council of Architecture, the Executive Committee, any other committees or any of the committee members as long as they have done something with good intention or for the implementation of the rules and regulations of the act as mentioned in the Act.

4.      Write-Up

             Architectural Practice: 25 years from now.

Architectural practices, 25 years from now will not be just firms who do design but will be multi-disciplinary companies who, being good and versatile in designing will also be economically and financially skilled- having a business plan. They will be well aware of the world outside the design to fulfil the wider goals of the client and the society. The cities will grow, the population will multiply and the needs will become complex. Thus to keep up with the changing needs the firms will evolve into a large networked consultancies, where all the needs of the clients will be taken care of at one place.

 Architecture offices will shrink up in terms of the number of employees, instead they will link up with other groups to carry out the technical works. Therefor in future the architecture practices will work on broader scope of work as interdisciplinary business groups. Therefor the number of people working on office desk will reduce, while the job will expand.

An architecture practice in future may split up into branches like- pre design preparatory works, product design, lighting design, vaastu consideration works etc. in order to fulfil the more diverse needs of the future clients. The scope of architect will become as vague and as broad that the architecture firm will merge into the construction industry for good.

The sense of individuality will be a great factor for the survival of architecture practices. With developing world, the construction will expand and large number of firms will come up. At that time of crisis, the design led firms will disappear and thus firms with a particular style and originality will last long. In a developing nation like India, need of architects will not diminish unlike in a city like London which has come to saturation point in terms of infrastructure growth.

Where do I see myself 25 years from now? There are two options to that- Either I’ll be working as an architect/designer in a multi-disciplinary international firm or I’ll own a small practice which will be completely vernacular and highly society oriented. In both cases I’ll be working as “problem solver” and not just an architect. As India is growing continuously (the GDP of the country has reached 7.9), by 2040 the country will be totally urbanized except some parts. The main branch office would be at a prime location like cities like Delhi, whereas another branch would be in a “less-urbanized” area so we stay close to our roots. Since the firm will be multi-disciplinary, I’ll be dealing with all kinds of projects- from private houses to large scale urban projects with the help of specialized consultants. The clients will always be the priority and selecting projects definitely won’t be money based. The workspace will be small –only the designers and technical staff, the consultants or the draftsmen will be hired as per the need of the project for flexibility. The partners will the architects and designers with diverse interests and experiences.

Studio ethos are the guiding principles or the beliefs of the office which reflects in their work too. There will not be a specific set of principles except the most general ones, for example the criteria for selection of project and clients.  The projects will obviously be chosen to make the portfolio as diverse as possible but a project or a building which can cause negative impact on the environment or the society will not be taken. Also clients won’t be the basis of selecting project but the project itself will be. The sole purpose of the firm will be to satisfy the client, provide the maximum in the limited budget and use the resources wisely for the future generations.